PETROLEUM
Petroleum is a mixture of various hydrocarbons, the type most commonly found molecules are alkanes
(both straight-chain or branched), cycloalkanes,
aromatic hydrocarbons, or compounds such as
aspaltena complex. Each petroleum has a
unique molecular Earth respectively, are known
from the physical and chemical characteristics, color, and viscosity. Petroleum is usually appointed to Earth in the form petroleum-water emulsion,
and used a special chemical compound called demulsifier to separate water and oil.
Petroleum consists of a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons, the
majority of the alkane series, but vary in appearance, composition, and purity.
Oil extracted from oil wells in the oil mines.
Petroleum will be processed in oil refineries and the
results are split by the boiling point to produce a wide range of fuels, from gasoline and kerosene to
asphalt and other chemical reagents needed
to make plastics and
pharmaceuticals. Petroleum is used to produce a wide variety of
goods and material human needs.
The
process of formation of petroleum
Petroleum and natural gas thought to have come from the ocean microorganisms, plants and animals that died about 150 million years ago. The assumption is based on the similarity of the elements contained in these materials with elements found in living things. The remains of organisms that settle on the sea floor, then covered with mud which gradually hardens as a layer above the pressure that turned into rock. Meanwhile, anaerobic bacteria decompose the remains of organisms that an oil and gas trapped between the layers of the earth's crust. The process of the formation of oil and gas it takes a very long time.
Petroleum and natural gas thought to have come from the ocean microorganisms, plants and animals that died about 150 million years ago. The assumption is based on the similarity of the elements contained in these materials with elements found in living things. The remains of organisms that settle on the sea floor, then covered with mud which gradually hardens as a layer above the pressure that turned into rock. Meanwhile, anaerobic bacteria decompose the remains of organisms that an oil and gas trapped between the layers of the earth's crust. The process of the formation of oil and gas it takes a very long time.
The composition of petroleum
Petroleum is still a result of crude oil (crude oil) is thick and black. Crude oil consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons that alkanes
Alkane compounds most commonly found is the n-octane and isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane)
AromatisDiantaranya hydrocarbons is the ethyl benzene
Among other cycloalkanes ethyl cyclopentane and cyclohexane
Sulfur (0.01 to 0.7%)
Nitrogen (0.01 to 0.9%)
Oxygen (from 0.06 to 0.4%)
Carbon dioxide [CO2]
Hydrogen sulfide [H2S]
Petroleum is still a result of crude oil (crude oil) is thick and black. Crude oil consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons that alkanes
Alkane compounds most commonly found is the n-octane and isooctane (2,2,4-trimethyl pentane)
AromatisDiantaranya hydrocarbons is the ethyl benzene
Among other cycloalkanes ethyl cyclopentane and cyclohexane
Sulfur (0.01 to 0.7%)
Nitrogen (0.01 to 0.9%)
Oxygen (from 0.06 to 0.4%)
Carbon dioxide [CO2]
Hydrogen sulfide [H2S]
The percentage of light hydrocarbons in crude oil varies depending on the
oil fields, the maximum content can be up to 97% of the gross weight and the minimum
is 50%.
Types of hydrocarbons contained in the Earth's oil consists mainly of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons, coupled with some other minor elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, plus some types of metals such as iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium . The number of molecular composition vary greatly from one oil to another oil but the percentage proportion of the chemical elements can be seen below
Types of hydrocarbons contained in the Earth's oil consists mainly of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons, coupled with some other minor elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, plus some types of metals such as iron, nickel, copper, and vanadium . The number of molecular composition vary greatly from one oil to another oil but the percentage proportion of the chemical elements can be seen below
Petroleum is mainly used to produce gasoline and
fuel oil, both of which are sources
of "primary energy" main. 84% of the volume of hydrocarbons
contained in the Earth's oil is converted into fuel,
which includes gasoline, diesel, jet fuel,
and LPG. Petroleum
level lighter petroleum
will produce the best quality, but because of light
and medium oil reserves are getting a little, then
places the present oil processing to further improve the processing of heavy oil and bitumen, followed
by methods of an increasingly
complex and expensive to producing
oil. Due to heavy oil level tyang Earth contains carbon and
hydrogen too much too little, then the process
is typically used to reduce carbon or add hydrogen to the molecule.
To change a long and complex molecules into
smaller molecules and simple, fluid catalytic cracking process used.
Other derivative products
Some of refined hydrocarbon products can be mixed with non-hydrocarbon compounds to form other compounds:
1. Alkenes (olefins), can be manufactured into plastics or other compounds.
2. Lubricants (engine oil and grease).
3.Wax, used in the packaging of frozen foods.
4.Sulfur or sulfuric acid. Is an important compound in the industry.
5.Tar.
6.Asphalt.
7.Earth petroleum coke, is used as a solid fuel.
8.Paraffin wax.
9.Petrochemical aromatic, used as a blend in the production of other chemicals.
Some of refined hydrocarbon products can be mixed with non-hydrocarbon compounds to form other compounds:
1. Alkenes (olefins), can be manufactured into plastics or other compounds.
2. Lubricants (engine oil and grease).
3.Wax, used in the packaging of frozen foods.
4.Sulfur or sulfuric acid. Is an important compound in the industry.
5.Tar.
6.Asphalt.
7.Earth petroleum coke, is used as a solid fuel.
8.Paraffin wax.
9.Petrochemical aromatic, used as a blend in the production of other chemicals.
I want to ask you about petroleum. One of the benefits of hidrocarbons is petroleum. The petroleum alkane molecules that sometimes it does not at all change the nature millions of years means the oil was change existing molecules that do not change, why it happaned and what the alkane molecules do not change the nature of it?thank you
BalasHapusWell I will try to answer the question of the tiara. according to sources I've read, petroleum comprises a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, mostly alkanes. as we all know is very low reactivity of alkanes dikarnakan bonds between its carbon atoms are very stable and not easily separated. so that the alkane molecules has not changed for millions of years.
BalasHapuscontaining crude oil refinery in place alkanes is processed in such a way that a wide range of oil and fuel. in this process there must be molecules are transformed. about what molecular changes are less well frankly I can try to understand it for it to ask the lecturer who certainly knows better. thank you for the question and I apologize if the answer is unsatisfactory.
hello riski :D I want to ask you about this..Petroleum will be processed in oil refineries and the results are split by the boiling point to produce a wide range of fuels, from gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and other chemical reagents needed to make plastics and pharmaceuticals.how way oil result is shared by the boiling point to produce a wide range of other products such as chemical reagents needed to make plastics and pharmaceuticals? thank you :D
BalasHapuski.. help me to answer this question about Hydrocarbon and crude oil please.. :)
BalasHapusFirst Why molecule methyl butyrate (CH3CH2CH2C = OCH3) smelled like apples while molecular propyl acetate (CH3C = OCH2CH2CH3) containing atoms of the same smells like peaches. Explain this fact! then….
One of the properties is the lack of alkane solution in water. It deals with the interactions between the molecules. When the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ruptured near the coast of Alaska, oil (mostly consisting of Alkanes) spill was not soluble in water but float on the surface. Explain this fact from the interaction between molecules and molecular properties of alkanes and water!
please share or learn together on dgusvandi.blogspot.com
some people use to used the kerosene in traditional medicine , especially when having the stomachache and then they smear it around it . but whether there will be a negative impact if used it continuously?
BalasHapusvina i will try to answer
BalasHapusThe processing of petroleum itself consists of two main types of processes, namely the process of Primary and Secondary Process. Some people define as the Primary Process of physics, while the secondary process is a chemical process. It's understandable because the primary process is usually a component or petroleum fractions were separated by one physical property, ie the boiling point. While the separation process by secondary works on the chemical properties of the chemical, such as cracking or splitting or conversion, in which the process changes the chemical structure of the oil producers. Petroleum Hydrocarbon Chain
As we kitahui in Organic Chemistry that hydrocarbons, especially paraffinic and aromatic, have boiling each route, where the hydrocarbon chain length is directly proportional to the boiling point and density. The longer chain hydrocarbons boiling and then route the greater density. Well, the physical properties of which later became the basis of the Primary Process.
The number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain varies. To be used as a fuel then grouped into several factions or simple levels with the following sequence:
Gas
The range of carbon chain: C1 to C5
Boiling Route: 0 to 50 ° C
Appropriation: Gas tube, CNG, bait petrokomia process.
Gasoline (Petrol)
The range of carbon chain: C6 to C11
Boiling Route: 50 to 85 ° C
Appropriation: the motor fuel, aviation fuel piston engine, feed the petrokomia
Kerosene (kerosene)
The range of carbon chain: C12 to C20
Boiling Route: 85 to 105 ° C
Appropriation: the motor fuel, aviation fuel jets, household fuel, industrial fuel, bait petrochemical processes
Diesel fuel
The range of carbon chain: C21 to C30
Boiling Route: 105 to 135 ° C
Appropriation: the motor fuel, industrial fuel
Heavy Oil
The range of carbon chains from C31 to C40
Route boiling from 130 to 300 ° C
Appropriation: lubricating oils, waxes, petrochemical processes bait
Residue
The range above C40 carbon chain
Route boiling above 300 ° C
Appropriation: fuel boiler (steam generator engines), asphalt, leak-proof coating materials.
Above ideal conditions is difficult to achieve because of hydrocarbons in petroleum contains many isomers.
On the basis of conditions like that and then the fact that the petroleum processing benchmark to stretch more in boiling point than the composition of the carbon chain or range. So at the boundary between the fraction bound to happen overlap (overlap) fraction. Overlap is then referred to as the oil slops which will serve as a mixer to set up the final product that meets the specifications or quality standards specified.
derio, for the first question I can not help answer der. I've tried to find an article about it but could not understand. to the second question I will try to answer. spill alkane insoluble in water but floats on the surface dikarnakan water molecules are polar and non-polar alkanes, making it difficult to dissolve in air.Dan to mix water with the alkane molecules have hydrogen bonding interactions decide that requires a lot of energy.
BalasHapusthanks for the answer ky
Hapusthen from the above answer the question again, do you think have the possibility for mixed alkanes and what is needed if the oil is expected to be mixed in water
sony, according to this site http://tips-sehatpraktis.blogspot.com/ Kerosene is widely used as drugs but used oil is oil that has been purified. for long-term prnggunaan I'm sure sooner or later will have an effect on the body, especially the use by mouth. but what effect further I have not been able to explain and understand
BalasHapus